Turbine Also known as a steam turbine engine, it is a rotary steam-powered device. High-temperature, high-pressure steam passes through stationary nozzles, forming an accelerated airflow that is then directed onto the blades. This causes the rotor—equipped with rows of blades—to rotate and simultaneously perform external work. Steam turbines are the primary equipment in modern thermal power plants and are also used in metallurgical, chemical industries, and marine power plants.

Turbine There are many types, and depending on their structure, operating principles, thermal performance, applications, and number of cylinders, there are numerous classification methods.

By structure

There are single-stage steam turbines and multi-stage steam turbines. In a single-cylinder steam turbine, all stages are mounted within a single cylinder; in a multi-cylinder steam turbine, all stages are distributed across multiple cylinders. In a single-shaft turbine, all stages are mounted on a single shaft, whereas in a two-shaft turbine, for example, the stages are arranged at different levels on two parallel shafts.

According to the working principle

There are some impulse steam turbines in which the steam expands primarily in the nozzles (or stationary blades) at different elevations. There are also reaction steam turbines, in which the steam expands both in the stationary blades and in the moving blades; the kinetic energy of the steam expanding in the nozzles is transferred to several rows of moving blades. Velocity stages are employed in these turbines. Turbine 。

According to thermal characteristics

Condensation, heating, back pressure, vacuum pumping, and saturated vapor Turbine The steam discharged from a condensing steam turbine flows into a condenser, where the exhaust pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, giving it excellent thermodynamic performance. This type of turbine is the most commonly used. A heat-and-power steam turbine not only provides power for generators or other machinery but also supplies heat for industrial production or domestic use, achieving high thermal energy utilization. In a back-pressure steam turbine, the exhaust pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure. A bleed steam turbine is one that can extract steam from intermediate stages for heating purposes. A saturated-steam turbine is a steam turbine that uses saturated steam as its fresh steam source.

By purpose

It can be categorized into power plant steam turbines, industrial steam turbines, and marine steam turbines.

By cylinder count

It can be classified into single-cylinder steam turbines, double-cylinder steam turbines, and multi-cylinder steam turbines.

Other

In addition, classification can also be based on initial steam pressure (low-pressure, medium-pressure, high-pressure, ultra-high-pressure, subcritical, supercritical, ultra-supercritical) and arrangement (single-shaft, dual-shaft), among other factors.