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2020

Condensing Steam Turbine: A Description of the Turbine’s Outstanding Advantages

A condensing steam turbine is an external-combustion rotary machine that converts the thermal energy of steam into mechanical work. After steam from the boiler enters the condensing steam turbine, it sequentially passes through a series of annular nozzles and moving blades, thereby converting the thermal energy of the steam into mechanical energy that drives the rotation of the turbine rotor.

A condensing steam turbine is an external-combustion rotary machine that converts the thermal energy of steam into mechanical work. After the boiler steam enters the condensing steam turbine, it sequentially passes through a series of annular nozzles and moving blades, converting the thermal energy of the steam into mechanical energy that rotates the rotor of the condensing steam turbine. Condensing steam turbines convert steam into energy in different ways, giving rise to condensing steam turbines with various operating principles.

Compared to reciprocating steam engines, small steam turbines have a continuous and high-speed steam flow, allowing for a large flow rate per unit area, and thus enabling them to generate greater power. High-power small steam turbines can operate at higher steam pressures and temperatures, resulting in higher thermal efficiency. Since the 19th century, the development of small steam turbines has been focused on continuously enhancing safety, reliability, durability, and ease of operation, while simultaneously increasing the power output of individual units and improving their thermal efficiency.

A steam turbine manufacturer is a power machine that uses superheated steam—operating medium with specific temperature and pressure—as its driving force, converting the thermal energy of the steam into mechanical energy that rotates the rotor. These turbines are prime movers widely used in modern thermal power plants. Steam turbine manufacturers offer advantages such as high power output, high thermal efficiency, stable operation, low failure rate, and long service life. In a steam turbine, the thermal energy of the steam is converted into rotational mechanical energy, a process that can be achieved through two distinct operating principles: one based on the impulse principle and the other on the reaction principle. Now let’s take a closer look at the structure of a condensing steam turbine.

The structure of a condensing steam turbine comprises a stationary part and a rotor part. The stationary part further includes the front, middle, and rear cylinders, diaphragm sleeves, diaphragms, front and rear bearing housings, front and rear bearings, and front and rear gland seals. The front cylinder is connected to the front bearing housing via claw-type fasteners at its front end. The front bearing housing is supported on the front pedestal frame. The rear cylinder is supported on the rear cylinder support frame, and the rear bearing housing is supported on the rear bearing housing support frame. To ensure that the middle section can freely expand during operation, an axial guide key is installed on the front pedestal frame, allowing the unit to expand freely forward and upward/downward when operating in the middle position. A lateral pin is installed on the rear cylinder support frame, and an axial guide plate is provided at the rear end of the rear cylinder, thereby ensuring that the cylinder remains centered during expansion. At the same time, the intersection of the lateral pin and the centerline of the condensing steam turbine forms the unit’s expansion dead point.

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